So Much Won, So Much War To Go for Kyiv 基輔雖獲諸多意外戰果 反攻仍長路漫漫

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2022/12/30 第415期 訂閱/退訂∣看歷史報份

紐時周報精選 So Much Won, So Much War To Go for Kyiv 基輔雖獲諸多意外戰果 反攻仍長路漫漫 In Slumping U.K., Feelings Of 'Bregret' Toward Brexit 英國經濟危機嚴重 開始後悔脫歐

So Much Won, So Much War To Go for Kyiv 基輔雖獲諸多意外戰果 反攻仍長路漫漫 文/Marc Santora、Andrew E. Kram 譯/陳韋廷 基輔雖獲諸多意外戰果 反攻仍長路漫漫 In forests, in fields and in fierce urban combat, the Ukrainian military has defied the odds, and all expectations, and forced Russia into multiple retreats over nine brutal, bloody months of war. 在森林、田野和激烈的城市戰中，烏克蘭軍隊克服了種種困難跟所有預料，迫使俄羅斯在9個月殘酷血戰中多次撤退。 And yet despite its success, and even with tens of thousands of soldiers killed on each side, Ukraine by one measure is only halfway done: Its army has now reclaimed about 55% of the territory Russia occupied after invading in February. 然而，儘管烏克蘭取得成功，甚至雙方都有數萬軍人陣亡，但從某方面來看，烏克蘭只完成一半任務。烏軍現已收復俄羅斯2月入侵後占領區域的大約55%。 Ukraine is on the offensive along most of the 600-mile front line. Russia is in a defensive crouch in the south and northeast while still attacking toward one eastern city, Bakhmut. 烏克蘭在600英里前線的大部分地區都處於進攻狀態。俄羅斯在南部和東北部採取守勢，同時仍向東部城市巴赫姆特進攻。 Ukraine's success has brought the war to a pivotal juncture. Because it is on the offensive, it can shape the next phase of the fighting, determining whether to push its advantage farther into Russian-occupied territory, or settle in for the winter, as military analysts say Russia would like to do. 烏克蘭的成功將戰爭帶到一個關鍵時刻。由於處於進攻狀態，它可以左右下一階段的戰鬥，決定將其優勢進一步推進至俄羅斯占領區，或是安頓下來過冬，如同軍事分析人士所說俄羅斯想做的事。 Should it press on, Ukraine faces significant hurdles: While it has pushed more Russian fighters into a tighter space, this means the battles ahead will be against more densely defended territory, on challenging terrain. 若烏克蘭繼續推進，將面臨巨大障礙。烏軍將更多俄軍推入更狹窄的空間，這意味著未來的戰鬥，將在更具挑戰的地形上面對防守更嚴密的區域。 Ukraine is now fighting in boats in the reedy marshes and deltaic islands of the lower Dnieper River; it is pushing against multiple trench lines on snowy plains in the Zaporizhzhia region in the south; and is engaging in a bloody, seesaw fight along the so-called Svatove-Kreminna line, in pine forests in northeastern Ukraine. 烏克蘭目前在第聶伯河下游的蘆葦沼澤跟三角洲島嶼上乘船作戰，向南部札波羅熱積雪平原上的多條戰壕推進，並在烏克蘭東北部松林中所謂的斯瓦托夫-克雷米納防線，進行一場血腥拉鋸戰。 After the Russian withdrawal from Kherson this month, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy of Ukraine made a dramatic visit to the city, the only provincial capital captured by Russian forces. Raising the Ukrainian flag over a government building, he echoed a famous speech by Winston Churchill after the British victory at the Second Battle of El Alamein in 1942. 本月俄羅斯從刻松撤軍後，烏克蘭總統澤倫斯基戲劇性地訪問這座被俄軍占領的唯一省級首府。他在一座政府大樓升起烏克蘭國旗，呼應了邱吉爾在1942年英國第二次阿拉曼戰役勝利後發表的著名演說。 Churchill had declared "the end of the beginning" to the conflict, which would drag on for three more years. Zelenskyy tried to flip the narrative. 當時邱吉爾宣布，這是這場戰爭「序幕的結束」，戰事後來又持續了3年多。澤倫斯基則試圖翻轉說法。 "This is the beginning of the end of the war," he said. 他說：「這是這場戰爭結束的開始。」 Still, about one-fifth of Ukrainian territory remains occupied by Russia. 儘管如此，烏克蘭約五分之一領土仍被俄羅斯占領。 　 In Slumping U.K., Feelings Of 'Bregret' Toward Brexit 英國經濟危機嚴重 開始後悔脫歐 文/Mark Landler 譯/陳韋廷 英國經濟危機嚴重 開始後悔脫歐 Six and a half years after voting to leave the European Union, three years after the formal departure, two years after signing a post-Brexit trade deal with Brussels and one month after installing its fourth prime minister since the 2016 referendum, Britain is caught in — what else? — another debate over Brexit. 公投脫歐6年半後、正式脫歐3年後、與布魯塞爾簽署脫歐後貿易協議2年後，以及任命2016年公投以來第四任首相滿月後，英國正陷入，還會有別的嗎？另一場關於英國脫歐的辯論。 Brexit may be in the history books, but "Bregret," as the British newspapers have called it, is back in the air. 英國脫歐可能已載入史冊，但英國報紙所說的「後悔脫歐」又重新浮上水面。 The cause of the remorse is clear: Britain's economic crisis, which is the gravest in a generation and worse than those of its European neighbors. Not all — or even most — of the problems are because of Brexit, but Britain's vexed trade relationship with the rest of Europe indisputably plays a role. That makes it a ripe target for an anxious public casting about for something to blame. 後悔的原因很明顯是英國的經濟危機，這是一個世代以來最嚴重的一次，比歐洲鄰國情況還要糟。並非所有問題都因為英國脫歐，甚至大部分問題都不是，但英國跟歐洲其他國家之間棘手的貿易關係，無疑發揮了一定作用。這讓它成為焦慮民眾追究責任的現成目標。 The latest eruption of this never-ending drama began last week with an opinion poll that showed support for Brexit had fallen to its lowest level yet. Only 32% of those surveyed in the poll, by the firm YouGov, said that they thought leaving the European Union was a good idea; 56% said it was a mistake. 這場永無止盡的鬧劇最近一次上演是在上星期，一項民調顯示英國脫歐支持率已降至最低水位。根據YouGov公司民調，僅32%受訪者認為離開歐盟是個好主意，56%的人則稱這是個錯誤。 The Brexit second-guessing grew louder this week, after The Sunday Times of London published a report that Prime Minister Rishi Sunak was considering pursuing a closer arrangement with the European Union, modeled on that of Switzerland. The Swiss have access to the single market and fewer border checks, in return for paying into the bloc's coffers and accepting some of its rules. 質疑英國脫歐的聲浪本周變得更大，因為倫敦的《周日泰晤士報》刊出報導稱英相蘇納克正考慮仿效瑞士，跟歐盟建立更緊密關係。瑞士能進入歐洲單一市場和享有較少邊境檢查，代價是必須付款給歐盟並接受歐盟一些規範。 Sunak quickly shot down the report, which was attributed to "senior government sources." 蘇納克迅速駁斥這篇宣稱來自「政府高層消息人士」的報導。 "Under my leadership," Sunak told business executives Monday, "the United Kingdom will not pursue any relationship with Europe that relies on alignment with EU laws." 蘇納克周一告訴企業主管表示：「在我的領導下，英國不會尋求與歐洲建立任何仰賴於遵守歐盟法律的關係。」 "I voted for Brexit, I believe in Brexit," Sunak added. "I know that Brexit can deliver, and is already delivering, enormous benefits and opportunities for the country." 蘇納克還說：「我投票支持英國脫歐，我相信脫歐。我知道英國脫歐能夠實現，且已在為我國帶來巨大利益和機會。」 While nobody is predicting that Britain will seek to rejoin the European Union, political analysts said that the Sunday Times report, on top of the dismal economic data and growing popular sentiment against Brexit, would open a fresh chapter in Britain's search for a new relationship with the rest of Europe. Where that would lead, they cautioned, was impossible to predict. 雖然沒人預測英國將尋求重新加入歐盟，但政治分析人士表示，《周日泰晤士報》的報導，加上黯淡經濟數據及日益高漲的反對脫歐民眾情緒，將為英國開啟尋求與歐洲其他國家建立新關係的篇章。他們提醒說，這將導致什麼結果無法預測。

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