Workplace Wellness Programs Have Little Benefit, Study Finds 員工心理健康福利活動 研究指成效不彰

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2024/03/15 第476期 訂閱/退訂∣看歷史報份

紐時周報精選 Workplace Wellness Programs Have Little Benefit, Study Finds 員工心理健康福利活動 研究指成效不彰 Norway Moves to Allow Seabed Mining Exploration 挪威逐步開放海底採礦 惹惱環保人士

Workplace Wellness Programs Have Little Benefit, Study Finds 員工心理健康福利活動 研究指成效不彰 文/Ellen Barry 譯/羅方妤 員工心理健康福利活動 研究指成效不彰 Employee mental health services have become a billion-dollar industry. New hires are presented with a panoply of digital wellness solutions, mindfulness seminars, massage classes, resilience workshops, coaching sessions and sleep apps. 員工心理健康服務已成為一個價值數十億美元產業。新員工會有許多數位健康解決方案，包括正念研討會、按摩課程、心理韌性工作坊、領導學和睡眠應用程式。 But a British researcher who analyzed survey responses from 46,336 workers at companies that offered such programs found that people who participated in them were no better off than colleagues who did not. 然而，一名英國研究員分析，有提供身心靈服務的這些公司，共4萬6336名員工受訪的回應顯示，有接受心理健康服務的人並未比沒參加的同事過得好。 The study, published this month in Industrial Relations Journal, considered the outcomes of 90 different interventions and found a single notable exception: Workers who were given the opportunity to do charity or volunteer work did seem to have improved well-being. 這份研究本月在「勞資關係期刊」發表，將90種不同干預措施產生的結果納入考量，只發現一個值得注意的例外：有機會參加慈善和當志工的員工心理健康似乎真的有改善。 Across the study's large population, none of the other offerings — apps, coaching, relaxation classes, courses in time management or financial health — had any positive effect. Trainings on resilience and stress management actually appeared to have a negative effect. 這項研究分析的廣大人群中，其他產品—應用程式、教練課程、放鬆課程、時間管理和財務健全課程—都沒有任何正面影響。訓練心理韌性和壓力管理的課程實際上似乎適得其反。 "It's a fairly controversial finding, that these very popular programs were not effective," said William J. Fleming, the author of the study and a fellow at Oxford University's Wellbeing Research Center. 這項研究作者、英國牛津大學「身心健康研究中心」研究員弗萊明說：「這發現很有爭議，就是這些非常受歡迎的課程竟成效不彰」。 Fleming's analysis suggests that employers concerned about workers' mental health would do better to focus on "core organizational practices" like schedules, pay and performance reviews. 弗萊明分析指出，關心員工心理健康的雇主最好關注「核心組織實務」，包括工作排程、薪資和績效檢視。 Fleming's study is based on responses to the Britain's Healthiest Workplace survey in 2017 and 2018 from workers at 233 organizations, with financial and insurance service workers, younger workers and women slightly over-represented. 弗萊明的研究是根據2017和2018年「英國最健康職場調查」，針對233個機構員工調查所得到的回覆，其中金融和保險業員工、年輕員工和女性回覆比率略高。 The data captured workers at a single point in time, rather than tracking them before and after treatment. Using thousands of matched pairs from the same workplace, it compared well-being measures from workers who participated in wellness programs with those of their colleagues who did not. 這項數據是在單一時間點詢問員工，而非追蹤他們接受對待前後的狀況。數據使用來自相同職場數千個配對，比較有無參加心理健康課程的員工心理健康指標。 Adam Chekroud, a co-founder of Spring Health, a platform that connects employees with mental health services, and an assistant professor of psychiatry at Yale University, said Fleming's study examined interventions that were "not highly credible" and measured well-being many months later. A blanket dismissal of workplace interventions, he said, risks "throwing the baby out with the bathwater." 將員工與心理健康服務連結的平台「春天健康」共同創辦人、耶魯大學精神醫學系助理教授切克勞德表示，弗萊明檢視介入措施的研究「可信度不高」，且是在好幾個月後才檢測心理健康。他說，全面取消職場介入措施，等於冒「不分好壞，一竿子打翻一條船」的風險。 "There is recent and highly credible data that things like mental health programs do improve all those metrics that he mentions," Chekroud said. 切克勞德說：「有可信度高數據顯示，心理健康課程等措施確實提升他提到的所有指標。」 Norway Moves to Allow Seabed Mining Exploration 挪威逐步開放海底採礦 惹惱環保人士 文/Eric Lipton 譯/周辰陽 挪威逐步開放海底採礦 惹惱環保人士 The Norwegian parliament voted Tuesday to authorize opening parts of the Norwegian Sea to seabed mining exploration, a move that reflects rising international demand for the metals needed to build batteries for electric vehicles worldwide. 挪威國會周二投票決定，授權開放挪威海的部分水域進行海底採礦勘探，此舉反映出全世界對於製造電動車用電池所需的金屬，需求不斷增長。 The decision clears the way for prospectors to look for seabed deposits between Norway and Greenland, mostly north of the Arctic Circle, in areas under Norway's national jurisdiction. 這個決定為探礦者在挪威與格陵蘭之間，大部分位於北極圈以北，挪威國家管轄範圍的區域內尋找海底礦床，鋪平了道路。 Proposals for mining exploration in both international waters and coastal areas like those off Norway have encountered stiff opposition from environmentalists who say that not enough is known about the life at the bottom of sea to authorize mining. 在公海跟挪威外海等沿海區域兩處進行採礦勘探的提案，遇到環保人士的強烈反對，表示人類對於海底生命的認識還不足以授權採礦。 Initially, the work in Norway will involve collecting information about the amount of metals in the seabed and what harm large-scale mining might cause to aquatic life. 一開始，挪威的工作將涉及蒐集有關海底金屬量的資訊，以及大規模採礦可能對水中生物帶來什麼樣危害。 The parliament would have to consider the plan again before industrial-scale seabed mining would be allowed to start. 在批准工業規模（大規模）的海底採礦開始前，挪威國會將再次考慮該計畫。 Norway joins a growing list of nations — including Japan, New Zealand, Namibia and the Cook Islands in the South Pacific — that in recent years have either considered or taken steps toward seabed mining. 愈來愈多國家，包括日本、紐西蘭、納米比亞與南太平洋的庫克群島，已經在最近幾年考慮或採取有助於海底採礦的措施。挪威是最新加入者。 Separately, a United Nations-affiliated agency known as the International Seabed Authority is drafting regulations that could eventually allow seabed mining in international waters in parts of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans. 另外，聯合國轄下機構「國際海底管理局」正在起草規章，最終可能允許在部分太平洋、印度洋與大西洋的國際海域進行海底採礦。 The authority has spent a decade trying to finalize rules for international waters. While that debate continues, nations can decide on their own whether to authorize mining in the coastal areas they control. 海底管理局花了十年，試著讓管理公海採礦的規章定案。辯論仍在持續，但各國可以自行決定，要不要授權在領海的沿海區域採礦。 Some academics, scientists and environmental groups in Norway have challenged the plan. 挪威一些學者、科學家與環團對該計畫提出挑戰。 "The ocean is vitally important for our survival on this planet," said Kaya L��nne Fjærtoft , a marine biologist from Norway with the World Wildlife Foundation. "Risking ocean health is gambling our future." 挪威的「世界自然基金會」海洋生物學家菲亞爾托夫特說，「海洋對我們在這個星球的生存極其重要，讓海洋的健康冒風險，就是在賭我們的未來」。 Environmentalists also say that battery chemistry is rapidly changing, and carmakers soon might not need some of the metals Norway is targeting. 環保人士也說，電池材料正在快速演變，挪威準備開採的金屬，有部分可能汽車製造商很快就用不到。

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