2023年11月16日 星期四

Island Packed With Migrants Tests Italy’s Push to Halt Tide 小島反映義總理梅洛尼移民政策的挑戰


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2023/11/17 第459期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 The war is background noise in Moscow, but it's always present. 戰火成為莫斯科人的日常伴奏
Island Packed With Migrants Tests Italy's Push to Halt Tide 小島反映義總理梅洛尼移民政策的挑戰
紐時周報精選
 
The war is background noise in Moscow, but it's always present. 戰火成為莫斯科人的日常伴奏
文/Valerie Hopkins
譯/高詣軒

The war is background noise in Moscow, but it's always present.

戰火成為莫斯科人的日常伴奏

Metro trains are running smoothly in Moscow, as usual, but getting around the city center by car has become more complicated, and annoying, because anti-drone radar interferes with navigation apps.

在莫斯科,地鐵列車一如往常暢行無阻,但要在市中心開車,已變得更加棘手且惱人,因為反無人機雷達會干擾導航應用程式。

There are well-off Muscovites ready to buy Western luxury cars, but there are not enough available. And while a local election for mayor took place as it normally would this month, many of the city's residents decided not to vote, with the result seemingly predetermined (a landslide win by the incumbent).

手頭充裕的莫斯科人,準備好購買西方進口的奢華名車,不料供不應求。而推選市長的地方選舉儘管本月正常舉行,許多市民卻決定不投票,畢竟結果似早已注定(現任市長壓倒性勝利)。

Almost 19 months after Russia invaded Ukraine, Muscovites are experiencing dual realities: The war has faded into background noise, causing few major disruptions, and yet it remains ever-present in their daily lives.

俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭將近19個月後,莫斯科民眾正在歷經雙重現實:戰爭已隱遁成為背景雜音,雖未造成重大干擾,卻常存於日常生活。

There is little anxiety among residents over the drone strikes that have hit Moscow this summer, no alarm sirens to warn of a possible attack. When flights are delayed because of drone threats in the area, the explanation is usually the same as the one plastered on signs at the shuttered luxury boutiques of Western designers: "technical reasons."

今夏襲擊莫斯科的數起無人機攻擊,並未在居民間引發多大焦慮,也沒有警報聲示警可能的攻擊。每當無人機威脅當地致使航班延誤,給出的解釋通常一如西方設計師的奢侈精品店關閉後貼出的告示:「技術原因」。

"We continue to work, to live and to raise our children," said Anna, 41, as she walked by a sidewalk memorial marking the death of Wagner mercenary leader Yevgeny Prigozhin.

「我們繼續工作、生活、養育子女」,41歲的安娜走過人行道上,向瓦格納傭兵集團領袖普里格津過世致意的紀念場所。

But for some, the effects of war are landing harder.

但對部分民眾來說,戰爭的影響更加沉重。

Nina, 79, a pensioner who was shopping at an Auchan supermarket in northwestern Moscow, said that she had stopped buying red meat entirely and that she could almost never afford to buy a whole fish.

79歲的尼娜靠退休年金維生,她在莫斯科西北部的歐尚超市購物時,自陳已完全放棄購買紅肉,且幾乎買不起整條魚。

"Just right now, in September, the prices rose tremendously," she said.

「光是現在,9月裡,價格就一飛衝天」,她說。

When asked about the biggest problems facing Russia, more than half the respondents in a recent poll by the independent Levada Center cited price increases. The war, known in Russia as the "special military operation," came in second, with 29%, tied with "corruption and bribery."

根據獨立民調機構列瓦達中心近期的民調,被問到俄國面臨的最重大問題時,超過五成受訪者提到物價上漲。在俄國被稱為「特別軍事行動」的俄烏戰爭,則以29%排在第2位,和「貪汙與賄賂」相當。

"In principle, everything is getting more expensive," said Aleksandr, 64, who said he worked as an executive director in a company.

64歲的亞歷山大自稱在一家企業擔任執行董事,他表示:「原則上,所有東西都愈來愈貴。」

Aleksei A. Venediktov, who headed the liberal Echo of Moscow radio station before the Kremlin shut it down last year, said that the government had engineered the war's absence from political spaces.

維涅狄克托夫領軍的自由派廣播電台「莫斯科回聲」,去年遭莫斯科當局關台。他表示,政府透過精心策畫,讓戰爭從政壇上消失。

Venediktov said that even if changes on Moscow's surface were hard to see and increasingly harder to discuss, people were truly transforming inside.

維涅狄克托夫說,即使莫斯科表面上不易看到改變,要討論也更加困難,但人們內在確實在轉變。

"People are starting to return to the Soviet practice, when public conversations can lead to trouble at work," he said. "It's like toxic poisoning — a very slow process."

「民眾開始退回蘇聯的做法,那時公共對話可能導致工作遇到麻煩」,他說,「這如同中毒,是非常緩慢的過程」。

 
Island Packed With Migrants Tests Italy's Push to Halt Tide 小島反映義總理梅洛尼移民政策的挑戰
文/Gaia Pianigiani
譯/周辰陽

小島反映義總理梅洛尼移民政策的挑戰

On Italy's southernmost island, Lampedusa, thousands of migrants crowded a reception center built for 600 as small boats hailing from Tunisia kept arriving. Outside Rome, a bus carrying migrants en route from Sicily to a center in the north crashed into a truck Friday, killing the drivers of both vehicles and injuring 19 migrants.

在義大利最南邊的蘭佩杜薩島,數以千計移民擠滿了為600人建造的接待中心,來自突尼西亞的小船仍不斷抵達。在羅馬城外,一輛來自西西里的巴士周五載著移民到北部一處中心的途中,撞到一輛卡車,兩輛車的司機喪命,19名移民受傷。

The huge challenges posed by immigration were in the spotlight again in Italy this week, undermining the efforts of the far-right ruling coalition led by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni to show that she had made progress in dissuading migrants from coming.

移民帶來的巨大挑戰本周在義大利再次成為關注焦點,破壞了梅洛尼總理領導的極右執政聯盟的努力,她想展現在勸阻移民前來已取得進展。

In the years leading up to her election last year, Meloni positioned herself as a hard-line opponent to migration, calling for a "naval blockade" and suggesting that the boats used to rescue migrants be sunk once the migrants were taken off them.

在去年當選前的幾年裡,梅洛尼將自己定位為死硬的移民反對者,呼籲「海上封鎖」,還建議移民被帶離後就將用於營救移民的船給弄沉。

Since taking power, she has changed tactics, signing a European Union deal with Tunisia aimed at stemming the flow of migrants from that country and working with the bloc to facilitate the redistribution of those who do arrive across member states.

自掌權以來,她已改變戰術,跟突尼西亞簽訂一份歐盟協議,目的是阻止來自該國的移民,並跟歐盟合作,促使抵達各會員國的移民重新分配。

The events of this week showed the limitations of that approach, leaving her in a quandary similar to that of previous Italian governments. Now members of Meloni's coalition are asking her to take a tougher approach and saying that Italy needs more support from other European countries.

本周的事件表明這種做法的侷限性,讓她陷入類似之前義大利政府的困境。如今梅洛尼的聯盟成員要求她採取更強硬做法,並表示義大利需要其他歐洲國家的更多支持。

Most of the migrants landing in Italy this year set off across the Mediterranean from Tunisia, many in transit from other African countries.

今年抵達義大利的移民大多數從突尼西亞出發跨越地中海,其中許多人從其他非洲國家過境。

Lampedusa, a rocky land mass surrounded by turquoise waters, with a population of about 6,000 people before the latest migrant surge, is 70 miles north of Tunisia and 130 miles south of Sicily. It has been the main destination for the growing numbers of migrants coming from Tunisia.

蘭佩杜薩是個碧綠海水圍繞的岩石陸地,位於突尼西亞北方70英里、西西里南方130英里,在最近移民猛增之前有大約6000個居民。此地已成為愈來愈多來自突尼西亞移民的主要目的地。

With the rising migrant arrivals, Lampedusa has become a focus of increasing tensions between Italy and North Africa, as well as with its European neighbors.

隨著移民人數增加,蘭佩杜薩成了義大利與北非及其歐洲鄰國之間日益緊張的焦點。

Some politicians have been pressing the government to deploy the navy to pick up migrants at sea to ease the island's burden.

部分政治人物一直敦促政府部署海軍在海上接起移民,減輕這個島嶼的負擔。

Meloni has rejected that idea in the past.

梅洛尼過去拒絕了這個想法。

"It only makes us waste million and million of euros to send our military navy to work as a ferry to pick up migrants,"Meloni has said.

梅洛尼說,「派我們的海軍充當接起移民的渡輪,只是讓我們浪費數以百萬計的歐元」。

 
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